Basic Components Computer Network and the insight - Before we further learn Mikrotik, it's good to learn first about the foundation of Computer Network itself that this knowledge will be used as well in the installation and use of Mikrotik. The computer network is a group of autonomous computers interconnected with each other, using a specific media and communication protocol, so that they can share data and information. Computer networks allow more efficient communication between users (mail and teleconferencing).
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| Basic Components Computer Network and the insight |
Understanding Computer Networks
Computer network is a group of autonomous computers interconnected using a communication protocol via the communications media so that they can share data, information, application programs and hardware devices such as printers, scanners, CD-drive or hard drive and allow electronic communications.
While at the home user applications, enabling more efficient communication among users (chat), more interactive multimedia entertainment (games, videos, etc.).
A router is a device that will pass IP packets from one network to another, using the methods and protocols addressing certain to miss the packet data.
understanding Router
A router is a device that has the ability to skip IP packets from one network to another may have many paths between them. Routers are connected to the net to participate in a distributed routing algorithm to determine the best path through which the IP packets of the system to another system. The process of routing is done hop by hop. IP does not know the whole path to the destination of each packet. IP routing provides only the IP address of the next router that he says is closer to the destination host.
Router Function:
- Reading the logical address / IP address to determine the source and destination routing from one LAN to another LAN.
- Save the routing table to determine the best route between the LAN to the WAN.
- The device in layer 3 of the OSI Layer.
- Could be "box" or an OS that is running a routing daemon.
- Interfaces Ethernet, Serial, ISDN BRI.
Understanding Operating Systems
The operating system is a set of software routines that sits between application programs and hardware (Bambang Hariyanto, 2006, p 25). The operating system has the job of managing all the resources that the computer system and as a service provider.
The operating system provides System Call (such as functions or API = Application Programming Interface). Call System provides high-level abstractions for programming machine. System Call function to avoid the complexity of programming by giving a set of instructions that is easier and more convenient, the operating system as well as a base for other programs where the application program running on the operating system, programs that take advantage of computer system resources by requesting service operating system control resources for applications that use computer's system resources can be carried out properly and efficiently.
The operating system is known, among others:
- Windows (95, 98, ME, 2000, XP, VISTA, SERVER, Windows7)
- Linux (Red Hat, Slackware, Ubuntu, Fedora, Mikrotik, Debian, OpenSUSE)
- UNIX
- FreeBSD (Berkeley Software Distribution)
- SUN (SOLARIS)
- DOS (MS-DOS)
- Macintosh (MAC OS, MAC OSX)
Classification of Computer Networks:
LAN (Local Area Network) is a computer network that are connected to a computer server by using a certain topology, typically used in
area of one building or area that distance is not more than 1 km.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) is a network of computers that are connected in one area of the city that distance can be more than 1 km. The choice to build a computer network between offices in a city, the campus in the city.
WAN (Wide Area Network) is a computer network that connects many LANs into an integrated network, from one network to another network can be thousands of kilometers or integral geography by using certain communication method.
Broadly speaking, there are several steps in building a LAN network, including;
- Determining the type of network technology (Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI)
- Choosing a model wiring (Fiber, UTP, Coaxial)
- Determine the shape of the network topology (bus, ring, and Star)
- Determining technology Client / Server or Peer to Peer
- Choosing a Server Operating System (Windows NT, 2000, XP, or Linux)
Definition of Gateway
Gateway is the gateway as the incoming and outgoing data packets from the local network to the outer network. The goal for the client on a local network can communicate with the Internet. The router can be set into a Gateway where he was a liaison between the local network to the outside network.
Understanding Proxy Server
Proxy Server is a facility for connecting to the internet together. Meet user demand for Internet services (http, FTP, Telnet) and submit it in accordance with the policy. Acting as a gateway to the service. Representing the data packets from the inside and from the outside. Handles all Internet communications - external. Acting as a gateway between the internal and external engine. Proxy server evaluates and controls the request of the client, if appropriate policy is passed if not deny / drop. Using NAT method. Checking the contents of the package.
understanding Firewalls
A firewall is a security system that uses a device or system that is placed on two networks whose primary function filtering of access to enter. A set of hardware or software, can also be a set of rules and procedures established by the organization. Firewal also be referred to as a system or device that allows network traffic that is considered safe for traffic through it and prevent an unsecured network. Generally, firewalls are implemented in a dedicated machine, which runs on the gate (gateway) between the local network and other networks. Firewalls are also commonly used to control access to anyone who has access to a private network from the outside right. Today, the term firewall into a generic term that refers to a system that manages the communication between two different networks.
Understanding Virtual LAN
Virtual LAN (VLAN) is in the form of a software switch on the device that serves to categorize the user based on the functional, 1 broacast domain (1 VLAN) and inter-VLAN can be connected to the router.
VLAN technology is a way of separating the segments in which the switch between the first segment with other segments can not connect, the connection can be done by using a router. In one switch will vary its network-id and a different broadcast domain.
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